An X-ray micro-tomographic study of the pore space, permeability and percolation threshold of young sea ice

Abstract. The hydraulic permeability of sea ice is an important property that influences the role in environment many ways. As it difficult to measure, so far not observations exist, and quality deduced empirical relationships between porosity unknown. present work presents a study young based on combination brine extraction centrifuge, X-ray micro-tomographic imaging direct numerical simulations. approach new for ice. It allows us relate percolation properties explicitly characteristic pore space, particular size connectivity metrics. For from field we obtain volume 2 % 3 as threshold vertical (transition impermeable ice). We are able this transition necking pores at critical throat diameter ≈0.07 mm, being consistent with some limited analysis earlier studies. Our optimal estimate half value 5 proposed frequently adopted model studies applications. By placing our results broader context studies, conclude more significant centrifuge experiments high-resolution 3D image enable accurately identify below which fluid ceases by examining inclusion microstructure finer scales than were previously possible. also find evidence space should be described directed rather isotropic percolation. revised valid columnar dominated primary pores. older containing wider secondary channels, granular full-thickness bulk permeability, other thresholds may apply.